Elizabeth Weingarten explored the five frontiers that food science is currently exploring. They include:

• Genetically enhanced nutrient rich foods. Soon certain foods like sweet potatoes may contain all of the nutrients you need.
• Nanoparticles could change the flavour of your food. One such product already exists. Nanoceuticals’ chocolate SlimShake claims to use the technology to add sweetness without adding calories.
• Laboratory Burgers – meat could be produced in labs as little as 10-15 years.
• Bacteria killing food sprays. The FDA recently approved an E.coli food spray for industrial use. A consumer version could cost as little as a penny for every pound of meat.

To read the entire list, and to find out the role that the Netherlands plays, the nano-grain of salt to consider, the failed food predictions of the past, the future of cookie dough, why entire generations of kids are taught not to eat chocolate cake batter, and the efforts to prevent an agricultural doomsday in 2050 click here.

Source: Slate

David Leonhardt reports on a fascinating poll conducted by the Pew Research Center. Highlights include:

• Across most of Europe Germany is considered to be the hardest working country and Greece the least.
• The exception is Greece which believes that Greece is the hardest working country and Italy the least.
• The Italians believe that the Romanians are the least hard working (but agree that the Germans are the most.)

To see all the results of what is a fascinating study, what this means for Europe, which country is considered the most corrupt, and why the argument about the Euro is really a disagreement about fairness, click here.

Source: The New York Times

Is Facebook threatening Silicon Valley? Farhad Manjoo outlines the case against:

• Silicon Valley used to be about innovations and making new things. Google made its name in search and is now trying out driverless cars. Facebook is just a social network.
• The brightest engineers at Facebook are trying to figure out how to get people to click on ads rather than deliver new visions and products.

But Manjoo argues quite convincingly that these fears are unfounded noting that:

• Facebook has helped Silicon Valley. People can now comment on websites using their Facebook accounts rather than having to go through the tedious process of creating different accounts for different sites.
• Facebook has also meant a transfer of wealth from Wall Street to Silicon Valley through its IPO.
• Connecting people – the very core of Facebook – is an innovative and useful tool in and of itself.

To read more about the case for and against Facebook, why it’s not a problem that Facebook is perceived by many as a waste of time, what porn can tell us about Facebook, why it has become essential to startups, why even a potential tech bubble would not be a case against Facebook, and see and try out some new apps that make use of Facebook click here.

Source: Slate

Lyle Brennan reported on the World’s Largest Pool. Highlights include:

• The pool, located at a resort in Chile, contains 66 million gallons of sea water.
• It is heated to 26 degrees Celsius.
• It is over a kilometer in length.
• At its deepest point it is 35 meters deep – making it the deepest pool in the world.
• The pool cost £1billion to build and costs £2 million a year to run.

To see more stunning photos that demonstrate the gargantuan proportions of the pool, its history, and some more fascinating stats, click here.

Source: The Daily Mail

Via: Marginal Revolution

In a speech Andrew Leigh reviewed the history of Australia’s economic performance and what it meant for the future of the country. In particular he argued that while Australia had pursued effective policies, it had also been extremely lucky, and this luck may not be replicated in the future. The six things that made Australia lucky include:

• Plentiful land. Europe had little land and lots of people. Australia had lots of land and few people. This meant that wages for Australians were high and this created economic opportunities.
• Gold. After gold was discovered in 1851, national income quadrupled in a decade.
• Inventions. The first half of the twentieth century saw a remarkable amount of innovation. Why is this lucky? Because it might not be replicated again. You may think that innovation has continued into this century but consider, would you rather give up indoor plumbing and penicillin or your iPad?
• Immigrants. As a proportion of its overall population Australia had a stunning amount of immigrants.
• Rising commodity prices in the 21^st century. The prices for minerals that Australia mines have tripled in the past decade as India and China continue to develop.

The speech is informative and entertaining. Leigh considers his own party’s mistakes as well as the mistakes that other parties are currently making. All the while he illustrates his points with fascinating examples. It’s by far the best speech that Centives has covered so head on over here to get the rest of it.

Source: Andrew Leigh

Via: Marginal Revolution

The BBC took a look at the history of gambling. Highlights include:

• Gambling has been around in some form or another for over 5,000 years. The Egyptians are thought to have been avid gamblers.
• In Rome it became so popular that authorities tried to limit it to Sundays.
• The Roman Emperor Claudius was obsessed and wrote a book called “How to win at dice.”
• In 1558 the odds against the Spanish Armada sailing to England are said to have been 5:1 – although this may have been a ruse by the Spanish.
• Up until the Rennaissance nobody looked at the mathematics of the game – perhaps because before then people believed that chance was driven by an external force.
• The 1700s were the time of eccentric gamblers. One man won a fair amount of money by riding backwards on a horse from London to York.
• Gambling crept into sports and led to match-fixing. In one rather hilarious cricket match both teams were desperately trying to lose.

To read many more details including a perceptive gambler from the 1600s who was smart enough to look into his odds, why it’s not surprising that the Duckworth-Lewis method was invented by statisticians, the golden age of betting on gut feelings, the rise of spot-fixing, the home of cricket, the type of gambling that gives you the best odds at winning, how cricket became a gentlemen’s game, and what gamblers and statisticians have in common click here.

Source: BBC

Leon Neyfakh reported on the latest research on “genoeconomics.” He writes:

• Confidence and a risk taking attitude – qualities seen as important for entrepreneurs – are at least in part, determined by genes.
• This might lead to the creation of an entirely new field in economics that attempts to explain why we act the way we do based upon our genes.
• This could lead to a frightening future where banks require a saliva test to see if you’re reckless before giving you a loan.
• On the other hand it has positive applications. Parents who find out that their children are predisposed to irresponsibility might take extra care to teach them important financial skills.
• Or policy makers could use aggregate data about the populace to understand what polices would be most effective at guiding and shaping behaviour.

To read many more details about the field, including its history, its current status, why it briefly flickered into existence in the 1970s, why it’s seeing a resurgence, why there’s no ‘violence’ gene and what some other potential applications of this technology would be, click here.

Source: Boston Globe

Via: Marginal Revolution

Cindy Chang did an extensive analysis of Louisiana – the prison capital of the entire world. Highlights include:

• The percentage of its population that Louisiana imprisons is five times as great as Iran, and 13 times as great as China’s. In fact no other country in the world has an incarceration rate as high as Louisiana’s.
• Part of the reason for this is for-profit prisons that are worth $182 million. These prisons are mostly run by rural sheriffs – the very people who help send people to jail. The more people in jail, the more money they make.
• They also lobby to ensure that no legislation gets passed that could reduce the number of inmates.
• Each inmate is worth $24.39 a day.
• The for-profit run prisons are for minor offenders while state-run prisons are for more serious ones. Yet the facilities at state-run prisons are much better and help inmates get an education. In contrast at for-profit prisons the inmates mostly just laze about. This means that those with the best chance of being reintegrated into society receive the least attention.
• Louisiana spends over $600 million a year to ‘care’ for 40,000 inmates. This money could instead be used to invest in programs that would reduce crime and thus the number of inmates.

To read many more details including some anecdotes from both inmates and sheriffs, the for-profit companies that run the prisons, the role that race plays, how the current system came to be, why the system has come full circle since the 1800s, the city where it has become a rite of passage to spend time behind bars, and what the politicians have to say about it, click here.

Source: The Times-Picayune

Via: Freakonomics

Could there be a gold rush in Haiti? Martha Mendoza reported on some promising developments:

• The shifting tectonic plates that were responsible for the devastating 2010 earthquake in Haiti have, quite literally, a silver lining: they cause deep cracks where veins of gold, silver and copper can be found.
• The precious metals underneath Haiti are estimated to be worth $20 billion.
• Haiti’s annual government budget is $1 billion, the majority coming from foreign assistance. The economy received another $2 billion from Haitians working abroad.
• The last time gold was gathered in Haiti was the 1500s. Since then corruption and instability have kept investors away.
• However interest is now aroused. Because of the way that mining rights were sold, Haitians might get $1 out of every $2 profits – in contrast to the $1:$3 ratio seen in most other mining countries.

To read many more details including the connection with Christopher Columbus, neighboring Dominican Republic’s experience with buried metals, the cholera handshake, how much various companies have invested in exploration, the role that corruption may play, and the dangers of mining click here.

Source: Yahoo News

Via: Marginal Revolution