Centives

The Economist and others have argued that declining rates of marriage in developing countries is due to gender imbalances resulting from a preference for male children. Matt Phillips looked at statistics which indicated that this was not the case:

• In France after World War 1 there were 40% fewer single males than females.
• Yet rates of marriage were higher than ever – French women simply adjusted by marrying younger French men.
• Couples were also more willing to engage in cross-class relationships.
• Therefore it seems that rates of marriage don’t depend as much on having roughly equal numbers of single males and females.
• War, in general, seems particularly good at boosting the appetite for marriage:

Read more here.

Source: Quartz

Sarah Begley wrote about the role that late night talk shows play in helping candidates run for President:

• Talk shows can help redeem a candidate in trouble. In 1988, after a speech by Bill Clinton fell flat, he appeared on the The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson with a saxophone. It rehabilitated his image and made people forget about the speech.
• Talk shows can be a barometer of the political mood. In 2008 Obama was the target of jokes when his poll numbers were down. Then McCain called the economy fundamentally sound during a period of crisis. The comedians had a new target to aim jokes at the polls swung.
• If a candidate doesn’t have a narrative around them, then talk show hosts will create one with their jokes. It’s better then to show up at a talk show and help guide the narrative.

Read more here.

Source: Time

Before an election incumbent government sometimes try to implement policies that will give a short term boost to economic growth in the hopes of tipping the election in their favour. The Economist looked at the success of the strategy:

• Data shows that incumbent politicians are most likely to try to manipulate the economy when elections are expected to be close.
• Third world governments seem particularly fond of pre-election spending splurges.
• Yet the tactics are usually unsuccessful. Despite the boost in government spending, there is no clear impact on GDP growth.
• It seems that this is because even as government increases its spending, businesses retrench their spending as they want to avoid making investments in an uncertain political climate.
• The effect has been quantified: businesses are found to reduce their investment spending in election years by 4.8% relative to non-election years.
• There’s hope however – companies are less likely to reduce investment if the politics of a country are transparent and there are limits to government power.
• Thus instead of boosting spending, an incumbent government could try to ensure more transparent governance, if it wants to increase economic growth before an election.

Read about the studies that have been conducted on the subject, other reasons why election year spending may not help the economy, and more over here.

Source: The Economist

Philip Sopher wrote about the history of beer gardens:

• Duke Albrecht V of Bavaria, in modern day Germany, decreed in 1533 that beer could only be brewed between September and April.
• This was in part because beer brewed during colder months tasted better.
• This encouraged breweries to create underground cellars to store beers for the summer.
• To keep the beers cool they planted trees above the cellars.
• Soon they placed a layer of gravel and some tables and the areas became popular drinking spots.
• So popular in fact, that the owners of inns and taverns wanted to ban breweries from directly selling beer to customers as they were taking away too much business.
• In 1812 the government compromised and said that breweries could continue to sell beer, but they couldn’t serve food.
• This didn’t prevent patrons from bringing their own food, so beer gardens went on to become a nice place to have picnics.

Read more here.

Source: The Atlantic

In some parts of China, strippers are called to perform at funerals wrote Te-Ping Chen and Josh Chin:

• The presence of strippers draws large crowds which is thought to bring good fortune into the after-life of the deceased.
• The services cost $322 a session, and companies may put on up to 20 shows a month.
• The practice isn’t limited to the mainland – women in short skirts and stilettos sometimes perform at Taiwanese funerals.
• The Chinese government is trying to crack down on the practice, calling it “obscene”.

Read more here.

Source: The Wall Street Journal

Wendy Paris wrote about the destination divorces business:

• A destination divorce is when a couple goes to a foreign city or country specifically to get divorced.
• The idea is that by leaving friends, family, and children behind, the former lovers can agree to an amicable separation in a stress free environment.
• If things start to heat up, then either of the two could leave to, for example, get a massage at a relaxing spa. After cooling down they can return level-headed.
• Companies that arrange such trips charge between $7,000 and $12,000.
• The price includes the cost of the hotel, lawyers, and onsite mediation services.

Read about the industry, why it used to be far more popular in the past, and more over here.

Source: Quartz

The largest cigarette maker in the world is a company owned by the Chinese government wrote Andrew Martin:

• One third of all the cigarettes smoked in the world are smoked in China.
• The China National Tobacco Corp made 2.2 trillion cigarettes in 2013 – more than the next five biggest competitors combined.
• The company directly employs half a million people at surprisingly high wages.
• Another 19 million people benefit indirectly, by, for example, farming the tobacco for the cigarettes.
• The company is fond of sponsoring elementary schools, informing children that tobacco can help them succeed.
• The regulator responsible for overseeing the industry is so intertwined with the cigarette company itself that it shares the same headquarters, organizational structure, website, and even chief executive.
• In fact the regulators hand out packs of China National Tobacco Corp cigarettes at formal events.
• All this generated $170 billion in revenue in 2012 – more than Apple. 7% of the Chinese government’s budget is dependent on the tobacco industry.

Read about the American who helped kick start the growth of the tobacco industry in China, why international brands have such a tough time competing in China, and more details here.

Source: Bloomberg

Via: Marginal Revolution

Attentiv provided some analysis of meetings:

• The average meeting costs $338, in terms of people’s time.
• Meetings most frequently begin at 11am.
• The average meeting has nine people in it.
• On average three of those participants will feel like the meeting was a waste of their time.
• 10% of all meetings last longer than four hours.

See other details, and take in some charts over here.

Source: Attentiv